- James
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4
Is not worldliness
1 Πόθεν πόλεμοι καὶ*και f35 [90%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ και ποθεν ℵ(A)B(C) [10%] NU (The unnecessary repetition of the adverb is not characteristic of the Alexandrians, but that doesn’t make it right.) μάχαι ἐν ὑμῖν; Οὐκ ἐντεῦθεν, ἐκ τῶν ἡδονῶν ὑμῶν τῶν στρατευομένων ἐν τοῖς μέλεσιν ὑμῶν; 2 Ἐπιθυμεῖτε καὶ οὐκ ἔχετε· φονεύετε καὶ ζηλοῦτε καὶ οὐ δύνασθε ἐπιτυχεῖν· μάχεσθε καὶ πολεμεῖτε. Οὐκ ἔχετε†ουκ εχετε f35 𝕻100A,B [64%] RP,HF,NU ¦ και 12 ℵ [35%] OC,CP ¦ 12 δε [1%] TR ¦ one other variant (OC is in small print.) (I suppose the conjunction was added in an effort to make a parallel to “you murder and covet and are not able to obtain.”) διὰ τὸ μὴ αἰτεῖσθαι ὑμᾶς. 3 Αἰτεῖτε καὶ οὐ λαμβάνετε διότι κακῶς αἰτεῖσθε, ἵνα ἐν ταῖς ἡδοναῖς ὑμῶν δαπανήσητε. 4 Μοιχοὶ καὶ‡μοιχοι και f35 (97.6%) RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ — 𝕻100ℵA,B (2%) NU ¦ 1 (0.4%) (The Alexandrian variant is an easy case of homoioarcton: ΜΟΙΧ … ΜΟΙΧ.) μοιχαλίδες, οὐκ οἴδατε ὅτι ἡ φιλία τοῦ κόσμου ἔχθρα τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐστιν; Ὃς ἂν§αν f35 A [93%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ εαν ℵB [7%] NU οὖν*ουν f35 ℵA,B [58%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP,NU ¦ — [42%] (The omission would be an easy case of homoioteleuton.) βουληθῇ φίλος εἶναι τοῦ κόσμου ἐχθρὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ καθίσταται. 5 Ἢ δοκεῖτε ὅτι κενῶς ἡ Γραφὴ λέγει, πρὸς φθόνον ἐπιποθεῖ τὸ Πνεῦμα ὃ κατῴκησεν†κατωκησεν f35 [88%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ κατωκισεν ℵB [10%] NU ¦ κατωκεισεν A [2%] ἐν ἡμῖν; 6 Μείζονα δὲ δίδωσιν χάριν· διὸ λέγει, «Ὁ Θεὸς‡ο θεος f35 ℵA,B [94%] RP,HF,OC,TR,NU ¦ κυριος [6%] CP ὑπερηφάνοις ἀντιτάσσεται, ταπεινοῖς δὲ δίδωσιν χάριν.»
Is submitting to God
7 Ὑποτάγητε οὖν τῷ Θεῷ· ἀντίστητε§αντιστητε f35 [47.5%] OC,TR,CP ¦ 1 δε ℵA,B [50%] RP,HF,NU ¦ 1 ουν [2.5%] (The conjunction looks to me like an infelicitous gloss. The conjunction at the beginning of the verse links it to the prior context, but the string of imperatives—‘submit’, ‘resist’, ‘draw near’, ‘cleanse and purify’, ‘lament and mourn and weep’—are not linked by conjunctions.) τῷ διαβόλῳ καὶ φεύξεται ἀφ᾿ ὑμῶν. 8 Ἐγγίσατε τῷ Θεῷ καὶ ἐγγιεῖ ὑμῖν. Καθαρίσατε χεῖρας, ἁμαρτωλοί, καὶ ἁγνίσατε καρδίας, δίψυχοι. 9 Ταλαιπωρήσατε καὶ πενθήσατε καὶ κλαύσατε· ὁ γέλως ὑμῶν εἰς πένθος μεταστραφήτω*μεταστραφητω f35 ℵA [93.5%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ μετατραπητω 𝕻100B [6%] NU ¦ two other variants καὶ ἡ χαρὰ εἰς κατήφειαν. 10 Ταπεινώθητε ἐνώπιον τοῦ Κυρίου†του κυριου f35 𝕻100 [82%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ 2 ℵA,B [16%] NU ¦ 1 θεου [2%] (The article is correct.) καὶ ὑψώσει ὑμᾶς.
Does not judge the different brother
11 Μὴ καταλαλεῖτε ἀλλήλων, ἀδελφοί. Ὁ γὰρ‡γαρ f35 [26%] ¦ — ℵA,B [74%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP,NU (The conjunction makes the reason for the exhortation overt; without it that semantic connection is not clear.) καταλαλῶν ἀδελφοῦ καὶ§και f35 (84.3%) RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ η 𝕻100ℵA,B (15.3%) NU ¦ — (0.4%) κρίνων τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ καταλαλεῖ νόμου καὶ κρίνει νόμον. Εἰ δὲ νόμον κρίνεις, οὐκ εἶ ποιητὴς νόμου ἀλλὰ κριτής. 12 Εἷς ἐστιν ὁ *ο f35 ℵA [96.5%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP[NU] ¦ — 𝕻100B [3.5%] Νομοθέτης καὶ Κριτής,†και κριτης f35 ℵA,B [62%] OC,NU ¦ — [38%] RP,HF,TR,CP (The omission could be the result of homoioteleuton: -ΤΗϹ … -ΤΗϹ.) ὁ δυνάμενος σῶσαι καὶ ἀπολέσαι. Σὺ δὲ‡δε f35 𝕻100ℵA,B [94%] RP,HF,OC,CP,NU ¦ — [6%] TR τίς εἶ ὃς κρίνεις§ος κρινεις f35 [85%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ ο κρινων 𝕻100ℵA,B [15%] NU τὸν ἕτερον;*ετερον f35 [88%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ πλησιον ℵA,B [12%] NU [The Alexandrian variant destroys the point of the paragraph. Each person is different (background, experiences, personality, training) and we must recognize that God can and will deal differently with different people. He uses one ‘law’ with me, another ‘law’ with you, and so on. A law is a set of rules or demands, so when I judge a brother I am questioning the way (‘law’) that God is working on him. As He is both Lawgiver and Judge, I will have to answer to Him for how I judged my ‘brothers’.]
Does not boast about tomorrow
13 Ἄγε νῦν, οἱ λέγοντες, «Σήμερον καὶ†και f35 A [95%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ η ℵB [5%] NU αὔριον πορευσώμεθα‡πορευσωμεθα f35 A [76%] RP,HF,TR,CP ¦ πορευσομεθα 𝕻100vℵB [24%] OC,NU ¦ one other variant εἰς τήνδε τὴν πόλιν καὶ ποιήσωμεν§ποιησωμεν f35 ℵA [89%] RP,HF,TR,CP ¦ ποιησομεν 𝕻100B [11%] OC,NU ἐκεῖ ἐνιαυτὸν ἕνα*ενα f35 A [96%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ — ℵB [4%] NU καὶ ἐμπορευσώμεθα†εμπορευσωμεθα f35 [84%] RP,HF,TR,CP ¦ εμπορευσομεθα 𝕻100vℵA,B [16%] OC,NU καὶ κερδήσωμεν»·‡κερδησωμεν f35 [88%] RP,HF,TR,CP ¦ κερδησομεν ℵA,B [12%] OC,NU ¦ one other variant 14 οἵτινες οὐκ ἐπίστασθε τὸ τῆς αὔριον. Ποία γὰρ§γαρ f35 𝕻100A [97.4%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ — ℵB [2.6%] NU ἡ ζωὴ ἡμῶν;*ημων f35 [26%] ¦ υμων (𝕻100)ℵA(B) [74%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP,NU (The question is properly inclusive, 1st person.) Ἀτμὶς γάρ ἐστιν†εστιν f35 [52%] TR ¦ εσται (A) [41%] RP,HF,OC,CP ¦ εστε B [7%] NU ¦ — ℵ (James answers the question with a statement of fact, not a prophecy.) ἡ πρὸς ὀλίγον φαινομένη, ἔπειτα‡επειτα f35 [29.5%] ¦ 1 δε και [46%] RP,HF,OC,CP ¦ 1 δε [15%] TR ¦ 1 και ℵA,B [9.5%] NU (OC has δε in small print.) ἀφανιζομένη. 15 Ἀντὶ τοῦ λέγειν ὑμᾶς, «Ἐὰν ὁ Κύριος θελήσῃ,§θεληση f35 𝕻100vℵA [81%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP,NU ¦ θελησει [12%] ¦ θελη B [7%] καὶ ζήσωμεν*ζησωμεν f35 [90%] RP,HF,TR,CP ¦ ζησομεν ℵA,B [10%] OC,NU καὶ ποιήσωμεν†ποιησωμεν f35 [89%] RP,HF,TR,CP ¦ ποιησομεν 𝕻100vℵA,B [11%] OC,NU ¦ one other variant τοῦτο ἢ ἐκεῖνο.» 16 Νῦν δὲ καυχᾶσθε ἐν ταῖς ἀλαζονείαις ὑμῶν. Πᾶσα καύχησις τοιαύτη πονηρά ἐστιν. 17 Εἰδότι οὖν καλὸν ποιεῖν καὶ μὴ ποιοῦντι, ἁμαρτία αὐτῷ ἐστιν.

- James
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*4:1 και f35 [90%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ και ποθεν ℵ(A)B(C) [10%] NU (The unnecessary repetition of the adverb is not characteristic of the Alexandrians, but that doesn’t make it right.)

†4:2 ουκ εχετε f35 𝕻100A,B [64%] RP,HF,NU ¦ και 12 ℵ [35%] OC,CP ¦ 12 δε [1%] TR ¦ one other variant (OC is in small print.) (I suppose the conjunction was added in an effort to make a parallel to “you murder and covet and are not able to obtain.”)

‡4:4 μοιχοι και f35 (97.6%) RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ — 𝕻100ℵA,B (2%) NU ¦ 1 (0.4%) (The Alexandrian variant is an easy case of homoioarcton: ΜΟΙΧ … ΜΟΙΧ.)

§4:4 αν f35 A [93%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ εαν ℵB [7%] NU

*4:4 ουν f35 ℵA,B [58%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP,NU ¦ — [42%] (The omission would be an easy case of homoioteleuton.)

†4:5 κατωκησεν f35 [88%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ κατωκισεν ℵB [10%] NU ¦ κατωκεισεν A [2%]

‡4:6 ο θεος f35 ℵA,B [94%] RP,HF,OC,TR,NU ¦ κυριος [6%] CP

§4:7 αντιστητε f35 [47.5%] OC,TR,CP ¦ 1 δε ℵA,B [50%] RP,HF,NU ¦ 1 ουν [2.5%] (The conjunction looks to me like an infelicitous gloss. The conjunction at the beginning of the verse links it to the prior context, but the string of imperatives—‘submit’, ‘resist’, ‘draw near’, ‘cleanse and purify’, ‘lament and mourn and weep’—are not linked by conjunctions.)

*4:9 μεταστραφητω f35 ℵA [93.5%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ μετατραπητω 𝕻100B [6%] NU ¦ two other variants

†4:10 του κυριου f35 𝕻100 [82%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ 2 ℵA,B [16%] NU ¦ 1 θεου [2%] (The article is correct.)

‡4:11 γαρ f35 [26%] ¦ — ℵA,B [74%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP,NU (The conjunction makes the reason for the exhortation overt; without it that semantic connection is not clear.)

§4:11 και f35 (84.3%) RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ η 𝕻100ℵA,B (15.3%) NU ¦ — (0.4%)

*4:12 ο f35 ℵA [96.5%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP[NU] ¦ — 𝕻100B [3.5%]

†4:12 και κριτης f35 ℵA,B [62%] OC,NU ¦ — [38%] RP,HF,TR,CP (The omission could be the result of homoioteleuton: -ΤΗϹ … -ΤΗϹ.)

‡4:12 δε f35 𝕻100ℵA,B [94%] RP,HF,OC,CP,NU ¦ — [6%] TR

§4:12 ος κρινεις f35 [85%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ ο κρινων 𝕻100ℵA,B [15%] NU

*4:12 ετερον f35 [88%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ πλησιον ℵA,B [12%] NU [The Alexandrian variant destroys the point of the paragraph. Each person is different (background, experiences, personality, training) and we must recognize that God can and will deal differently with different people. He uses one ‘law’ with me, another ‘law’ with you, and so on. A law is a set of rules or demands, so when I judge a brother I am questioning the way (‘law’) that God is working on him. As He is both Lawgiver and Judge, I will have to answer to Him for how I judged my ‘brothers’.]

†4:13 και f35 A [95%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ η ℵB [5%] NU

‡4:13 πορευσωμεθα f35 A [76%] RP,HF,TR,CP ¦ πορευσομεθα 𝕻100vℵB [24%] OC,NU ¦ one other variant

§4:13 ποιησωμεν f35 ℵA [89%] RP,HF,TR,CP ¦ ποιησομεν 𝕻100B [11%] OC,NU

*4:13 ενα f35 A [96%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ — ℵB [4%] NU

†4:13 εμπορευσωμεθα f35 [84%] RP,HF,TR,CP ¦ εμπορευσομεθα 𝕻100vℵA,B [16%] OC,NU

‡4:13 κερδησωμεν f35 [88%] RP,HF,TR,CP ¦ κερδησομεν ℵA,B [12%] OC,NU ¦ one other variant

§4:14 γαρ f35 𝕻100A [97.4%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP ¦ — ℵB [2.6%] NU

*4:14 ημων f35 [26%] ¦ υμων (𝕻100)ℵA(B) [74%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP,NU (The question is properly inclusive, 1st person.)

†4:14 εστιν f35 [52%] TR ¦ εσται (A) [41%] RP,HF,OC,CP ¦ εστε B [7%] NU ¦ — ℵ (James answers the question with a statement of fact, not a prophecy.)

‡4:14 επειτα f35 [29.5%] ¦ 1 δε και [46%] RP,HF,OC,CP ¦ 1 δε [15%] TR ¦ 1 και ℵA,B [9.5%] NU (OC has δε in small print.)

§4:15 θεληση f35 𝕻100vℵA [81%] RP,HF,OC,TR,CP,NU ¦ θελησει [12%] ¦ θελη B [7%]

*4:15 ζησωμεν f35 [90%] RP,HF,TR,CP ¦ ζησομεν ℵA,B [10%] OC,NU

†4:15 ποιησωμεν f35 [89%] RP,HF,TR,CP ¦ ποιησομεν 𝕻100vℵA,B [11%] OC,NU ¦ one other variant

© 2020 Wilbur N. Pickering