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1 *Ex 22:1-4 [Heb Bible Ex 21:37-22:3] (#8.487): T. To make judgment against the thief according to the Torah ·Teaching· / R. The court is to judge a thief, imposing a compensation payment or death / R. The court must implement punitive measures against the thief “If a man steals an ox or a sheep, and kills it, or sells it; he shall pay five oxen for an ox, and four sheep for a sheep. 2 If the thief is found breaking in, and is struck so that he dies, there shall be no guilt of bloodshed for him. 3 If the sun has risen on him, guilt of bloodshed shall be for him; he shall make restitution. If he has nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft. 4 If the stolen property is found in his hand alive, whether it is ox, donkey, or sheep, he shall pay double.
(3) 5 †Hebrew ch. 22 v. 4 “If a man causes a field or vineyard to be eaten, and lets his animal loose, and it grazes in another man’s field, he shall make restitution from the best of his own field, and from the best of his own vineyard.
6 ‡Ex 22:6 [Heb Bible Ex 22:5] (#10.580): To make judgment in destruction due to fire “If fire breaks out, and catches in thorns so that the shocks of grain, or the standing grain, or the field are consumed; he who kindled the fire shall surely make restitution.
7 §Ex 22:7-8 [Heb Bible Ex 22:6-7] (#9.547): T. To judge the case of dispute over ownership, whether of an ox, a donkey, a sheep, clothing, or any missing property / R. To judge the case of an unpaid deposit “If a man delivers to his neighbor money or stuff to keep, and it is stolen out of the man’s house; if the thief is found, he shall pay double. 8 If the thief is not found, then the master of the house shall come near to God, to find out if he has not put his hand to his neighbor’s goods. 9 *Ex 22:9 (Ex 22:9-12) [Heb Bible 22:8 (Ex 22:8-11)] (#9.548): T. To judge the case of ownership between owner and custodian of an animal / R. The courts must carry out the laws of the plaintiff ·he who started the suit· and the defendant ·he who can plead guilty or not guilty to the charges accused· For every matter of trespass, whether it is for ox, for donkey, for sheep, for clothing, or for any kind of lost thing, about which one says, ‘This is mine,’ the cause of both parties shall come before God. He whom God condemns shall pay double to his neighbor.
10 †Ex 22:10 (Ex 22:10-13) [Heb Bible Ex 22:9 (Ex 22:9-12)] (#9.549): T. To judge the case of a leaser of property, land, or animal when a dispute or damage occurs / R. For the court to carry out the laws of a hired worker and hired guard “If a man delivers to his neighbor a donkey, an ox, a sheep, or any animal to keep, and it dies or is injured, or driven away, no man seeing it; 11 the oath of Adonai shall be between them both, whether he has not put his hand to his neighbor’s goods; and its owner shall accept it, and he shall not make restitution. 12 But if it is stolen from him, he shall make restitution to its owner. 13 If it is torn in pieces, let him bring it for evidence. He shall not make good that which was torn.
14 ‡Ex 22:14 (Ex 22:14-15) [Heb Bible Ex 22:13 (Ex 22:13-14)] (#10.581): To judge the case of the borrower of anything when dispute or damage occurs “If a man borrows anything of his neighbor’s, and it is injured, or dies, its owner not being with it, he shall surely make restitution. 15 If its owner is with it, he shall not make it good. If it is a leased thing, it came for its lease.
16 §Ex 22:16-17 [Heb Bible Ex 22:15-16] (#7.436): To judge the man who entices an unengaged virgin into a sexual relationship with a penalty according to Torah ·Teaching·
Consequence: He must pay her bride-price and she will be his wife / R. Note: The Rabbis determine a penalty of fifty shekels [20 oz; 1.25 lb; 57 g] “If a man entices a virgin who is not pledged to be married, and lies with her, he shall surely pay a dowry for her to be his wife. 17 If her father utterly refuses to give her to him, he shall pay money according to the dowry of virgins.
18 *Ex 22:18 [Heb Ex 22:17] (#6.386): T. You are not to allow a sorcerer /spell caster to live / R. The court is not to allow a sorcerer to live “You shall not allow a sorceress to live.
19 “Whoever has sex with an animal shall surely be put to death.
20 “He who sacrifices to any deity, except to Adonai only, shall be utterly destroyed.
21 †Ex 22:21 [Heb Bible Ex 22:20] (#6.387): T. Not to oppress the foreigners living among you / R. Not to wrong the convert in buying and selling / R. Not to cheat a sincere convert monetarily‡Ex 22:21 [Heb Bible Ex 22:20] (#9.550): T. Not to taunt or oppress the foreigner among you / R. Not to wrong converts in speech / R. Not to insult or harm a sincere convert with words “You shall not wrong an alien or oppress him, for you were aliens in the land of Egypt [Abode of slavery].
22 §Ex 22:22 (Ex 22:20-23) [Heb Bible Ex 22:21 (Ex 22:19-23)] (#6.388): T. Not to abuse nor oppress any foreigner, widow or orphan / R. Not to oppress the weak
Consider: God uses this command to describe true and sincerer religious practice “You shall not take advantage of any widow or orphan. 23 If 'anah ·you take advantage· of 'anah ·them at all·, and tza'ak ·they cry· tza'ak ·at all· sh'ma ·hear obey· unto me, I will surely sh'ma ·hear obey· tza'ak ·their cry·; 24 and my wrath will grow hot, and I will kill you with the sword; and your wives shall be widows, and your children fatherless.
25 *Ex 22:25 [Heb Bible Ex 22:24] (Deut 15:7-8) (#10.582): T. To lend to the poor among God’s people without interest / R. Lend to the poor and destitute
T. Consider: (Deut 15:8) clarifies to lend to the poor is an obligation not an optional instruction†Ex 22:25 [Heb Bible Ex 22:24] (#10.583): T. This command is not found in the straightforward text, it is implied / R. Not to intermediate between a borrower and lender on interest, either as guarantor, or as witness, or as scribe of the document between them “If you lend money to any of my people with you who is poor, ‡Ex 22:25 [Heb Bible Ex 22:24] (Deut 15:7-8, 15:7-15) (#10.584): T. Not to treat the poor man like a creditor would / T. Not to demand from a poor man repayment of his debt when you know that he is poor / R. Not to press the poor man for payment if you know he does not have the means you shall not be to him as a creditor. You shall not charge him interest. 26 If you take your neighbor’s garment as collateral, you shall restore it to him before the sun goes down, 27 for that is his only covering, it is his garment for his skin. What would he sleep in? It will happen, when he cries to me, that I will sh'ma ·hear obey·, for I am gracious.
(4) 28 §Hebrew ch. 22 v. 27*Ex 22:28 [Heb Bible Ex 22:27] (Ex 20:7) (#3.190): T. Not to blaspheme God / R. We are warned against blasphemy and the penalty is death
T. Example: Blasphemy: idolaters, manifesting disrespect towards God, and insulting His chosen leaders
R. Example: Judaism views blasphemy as: using God’s name when swearing, using God’s name to call as a witness for truth when lying, or by joining God’s name to inappropriate or unacceptable actions or objects (The Nine Commands, Freedman, p47-49) / Consequence: To put to death one who pronounces blasphemy in the name of Adonai (which in Hebrew is “Yahweh”) (Lev 24:16). Death by stoning or sword as evidenced by (Ex 32:26-29 and Lev 24:10-17) “You shall not blaspheme God, †Ex 22:28 [Heb Bible Ex 22:27] (#5.364): T. Not to curse a leader among your people / R. Not to curse a ruler; which is the King, or the head of the Great Rabbinical Court / the Sanhedrin ·Sitting together· in the Land of Israel [God prevails] ‡Ex 22:28 [Heb Bible Ex 22:27] (#5.365): T. This command is not found in the straightforward text, it is implied / R. Not to curse or revile a judge nor curse a ruler of your people. §Quoted in Acts 23:5
29 *Ex 22:29 [Heb Bible Ex 22:28] (#8.488): T. “You shall not delay to offer from your harvest and from the outflow of your presses” (v28) / R. Not to alter the order of separating the t'rumah ·contribution· and the tithes; the separation be in the order first fruits at the beginning, then the t'rumah ·contribution·, then the first tithe, and last the second tithe / R. Not to preface one tithe to the next, but separate them in their proper order
R. Note: The second tithe is a set apart portion of tithing used for funding the tri-annual Pilgrim feast travel “You shall not delay to offer from your harvest and from the outflow of your presses.
“You shall give the firstborn of your sons to me. 30 You shall do likewise with your cattle and with your sheep. Seven days it shall be with its mother, then on the eighth day you shall give it to me.
31 †Ex 22:31 [Heb Bible 22:30] (#3.191): T. Not to eat an animal that is that is torn by beasts in the field / R. Not to eat an animal that is fatally injured “You shall be holy men to me, therefore you shall not eat any meat that is torn by animals in the field. You shall cast it to the dogs.

*22:1 Ex 22:1-4 [Heb Bible Ex 21:37-22:3] (#8.487): T. To make judgment against the thief according to the Torah ·Teaching· / R. The court is to judge a thief, imposing a compensation payment or death / R. The court must implement punitive measures against the thief

†22:5 Hebrew ch. 22 v. 4

‡22:6 Ex 22:6 [Heb Bible Ex 22:5] (#10.580): To make judgment in destruction due to fire

§22:7 Ex 22:7-8 [Heb Bible Ex 22:6-7] (#9.547): T. To judge the case of dispute over ownership, whether of an ox, a donkey, a sheep, clothing, or any missing property / R. To judge the case of an unpaid deposit

*22:9 Ex 22:9 (Ex 22:9-12) [Heb Bible 22:8 (Ex 22:8-11)] (#9.548): T. To judge the case of ownership between owner and custodian of an animal / R. The courts must carry out the laws of the plaintiff ·he who started the suit· and the defendant ·he who can plead guilty or not guilty to the charges accused·

†22:10 Ex 22:10 (Ex 22:10-13) [Heb Bible Ex 22:9 (Ex 22:9-12)] (#9.549): T. To judge the case of a leaser of property, land, or animal when a dispute or damage occurs / R. For the court to carry out the laws of a hired worker and hired guard

‡22:14 Ex 22:14 (Ex 22:14-15) [Heb Bible Ex 22:13 (Ex 22:13-14)] (#10.581): To judge the case of the borrower of anything when dispute or damage occurs

§22:16 Ex 22:16-17 [Heb Bible Ex 22:15-16] (#7.436): To judge the man who entices an unengaged virgin into a sexual relationship with a penalty according to Torah ·Teaching· Consequence: He must pay her bride-price and she will be his wife / R. Note: The Rabbis determine a penalty of fifty shekels [20 oz; 1.25 lb; 57 g]

*22:18 Ex 22:18 [Heb Ex 22:17] (#6.386): T. You are not to allow a sorcerer /spell caster to live / R. The court is not to allow a sorcerer to live

†22:21 Ex 22:21 [Heb Bible Ex 22:20] (#6.387): T. Not to oppress the foreigners living among you / R. Not to wrong the convert in buying and selling / R. Not to cheat a sincere convert monetarily

‡22:21 Ex 22:21 [Heb Bible Ex 22:20] (#9.550): T. Not to taunt or oppress the foreigner among you / R. Not to wrong converts in speech / R. Not to insult or harm a sincere convert with words

§22:22 Ex 22:22 (Ex 22:20-23) [Heb Bible Ex 22:21 (Ex 22:19-23)] (#6.388): T. Not to abuse nor oppress any foreigner, widow or orphan / R. Not to oppress the weak Consider: God uses this command to describe true and sincerer religious practice

*22:25 Ex 22:25 [Heb Bible Ex 22:24] (Deut 15:7-8) (#10.582): T. To lend to the poor among God’s people without interest / R. Lend to the poor and destitute T. Consider: (Deut 15:8) clarifies to lend to the poor is an obligation not an optional instruction

†22:25 Ex 22:25 [Heb Bible Ex 22:24] (#10.583): T. This command is not found in the straightforward text, it is implied / R. Not to intermediate between a borrower and lender on interest, either as guarantor, or as witness, or as scribe of the document between them

‡22:25 Ex 22:25 [Heb Bible Ex 22:24] (Deut 15:7-8, 15:7-15) (#10.584): T. Not to treat the poor man like a creditor would / T. Not to demand from a poor man repayment of his debt when you know that he is poor / R. Not to press the poor man for payment if you know he does not have the means

§22:28 Hebrew ch. 22 v. 27

*22:28 Ex 22:28 [Heb Bible Ex 22:27] (Ex 20:7) (#3.190): T. Not to blaspheme God / R. We are warned against blasphemy and the penalty is death T. Example: Blasphemy: idolaters, manifesting disrespect towards God, and insulting His chosen leaders R. Example: Judaism views blasphemy as: using God’s name when swearing, using God’s name to call as a witness for truth when lying, or by joining God’s name to inappropriate or unacceptable actions or objects (The Nine Commands, Freedman, p47-49) / Consequence: To put to death one who pronounces blasphemy in the name of Adonai (which in Hebrew is “Yahweh”) (Lev 24:16). Death by stoning or sword as evidenced by (Ex 32:26-29 and Lev 24:10-17)

†22:28 Ex 22:28 [Heb Bible Ex 22:27] (#5.364): T. Not to curse a leader among your people / R. Not to curse a ruler; which is the King, or the head of the Great Rabbinical Court / the Sanhedrin ·Sitting together· in the Land of Israel [God prevails]

‡22:28 Ex 22:28 [Heb Bible Ex 22:27] (#5.365): T. This command is not found in the straightforward text, it is implied / R. Not to curse or revile a judge

§22:28 Quoted in Acts 23:5

*22:29 Ex 22:29 [Heb Bible Ex 22:28] (#8.488): T. “You shall not delay to offer from your harvest and from the outflow of your presses” (v28) / R. Not to alter the order of separating the t'rumah ·contribution· and the tithes; the separation be in the order first fruits at the beginning, then the t'rumah ·contribution·, then the first tithe, and last the second tithe / R. Not to preface one tithe to the next, but separate them in their proper order R. Note: The second tithe is a set apart portion of tithing used for funding the tri-annual Pilgrim feast travel

†22:31 Ex 22:31 [Heb Bible 22:30] (#3.191): T. Not to eat an animal that is that is torn by beasts in the field / R. Not to eat an animal that is fatally injured

© 2016 Thomas Robinson