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1 He began to speak to them in parables. “A man planted a vineyard, put a hedge around it, dug a pit for the wine press, built a tower, *Quoted from Is 5:1-2 rented it out to a farmer, and went into another country. 2 When it was time, he sent a servant to the farmer to get from the farmer his share of the fruit of the vineyard. 3 They took him, beat him, and sent him away empty. 4 Again, he sent another servant to them; and they threw stones at him, wounded him in the head, and sent him away shamefully treated. 5 Again he sent another; and they killed him; and many others, beating some, and killing some. 6 †MPr: “Against God, and His Messiah,” (Ps 2:2) is likened to a robber (Satan) who stands defiantly behind the palace of the king, and says, If I shall find the son of the king, I shall lay hold on him, and crucify him, and kill him with a cruel death. But the Holy Spirit mocks at him, “He that sits in the heavens shall laugh” (Ps 2:4, 37:13). (Ps 92:11 Midrash Pirke de-Rabbi Eliezer c.28, Midrash Pirke de-Rabbi Eliezer c. 28, and Yalkut vol. ii. par. 620, p. 90A). (Ps 2:2, 2:4)Therefore still having one, his agapetos ·beloved, esteemed· son, he sent him last to them, saying, ‘They will respect my son.’ 7 But those farmers said among themselves, ‘This is the heir. Come, let’s kill him, and the inheritance will be ours.’ 8 They took him, killed him, and cast him out of the vineyard. 9 What therefore will the lord of the vineyard do? He will come and destroy the farmers, and will give the vineyard to others. 10 Haven’t you even read this Scripture:
‘The stone which the builders rejected,
the same was made the head of the corner.
11 This was from MarYah [Master Yahweh],
it is marvelous in our eyes’?” ‡Quoted from Ps 118:22-23
12 They tried to seize him, but they feared the multitude; for they perceived that he spoke the parable against them. They left him, and went away. 13 They sent some of the Pharisees [Separated] and of the Herodians to him, that they might trap him with words. 14 When they had come, they asked him, “Teacher, we know that you are honest, and don’t defer to anyone; for you are not partial to anyone, but truly teach the way of God. Does Torah ·Teaching· say to pay taxes to Caesar [Ruler], or not? 15 Shall we give, or shall we not give?”
But he, knowing their hypocrisy, said to them, “Why do you test me? Bring me a denarius [one day’s wage], that I may see it.”
16 They brought it.
He said to them, “Whose is this image and inscription?”
They said to him, “Caesar’s [Ruler]’s.”
17 Yeshua [Salvation] answered them, “Render to Caesar [Ruler] the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.”
They marveled greatly at him.
18 There came to him Sadducees [Morally-upright], who say that there is no resurrection. They asked him, saying, 19 “Teacher, Moses [Drawn out] wrote to us, ‘If a man’s brother dies, and leaves a wife behind him, and leaves no children, that his brother should take his wife, and raise up offspring for his brother.’ §Quoting from Deut 25:5-6 20 There were seven brothers. The first took a wife, and dying left no offspring. 21 The second took her, and died, leaving no children behind him. The third likewise; 22 and the seven took her and left no children. Last of all the woman also died. 23 In the resurrection, when they rise, whose wife will she be of them? For the seven had her as a wife.”
24 Yeshua [Salvation] answered them, “Is not this because you are mistaken, not knowing the Scriptures, nor the power of God? 25 For when they will rise from the dead, they neither marry, nor are given in marriage, but are like angels in heaven. 26 But about the dead, that they are raised; haven’t you read in the book of Moses [Drawn out], about the Bush, how God spoke to him, saying, ‘I am the God of Abraham [Father of a multitude], the God of Isaac [Laughter], and the God of Jacob [Supplanter]’? *Quoting from Ex 3:6 27 He is not the God of the dead, but of the living. You are therefore badly mistaken.”
28 One of the Torah-Teachers came, and heard them questioning together. Knowing that he had answered them well, asked him, “Which mitzvah ·instruction· is the most important of them all?”
29 Yeshua [Salvation] answered, “The greatest is, ‘Hear, Israel [God prevails], MarYah [Master Yahweh] our God, MarYah [Master Yahweh] is echad ·one unity·: 30 you shall have agapao ·total devotion love· to MarYah [Master Yahweh] your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind, and with all your strength.’ †Quoting from Deut 6:4-5 This is the first commandment. 31 The second is like this, ‘You shall show agapao ·total devoted love· to your neighbor as yourself.’ ‡Quoted from Lev 19:18 There is no other mitzvah ·instruction· greater than these.”
32 The scribe said to him, “Truly, teacher, you have said well that he is echad ·one unity·, §Quoted from Deut 6:4 and there is none other besides him, *Quoted from Deut 4:35, 4:39 33 and to have agapao ·totally devoted love· to him with all the heart, and with all the understanding, with all the soul, and with all the strength, and to show agapao ·totally devoted love· to his neighbor as himself, †Quoted from Lev 19:18 is more important than all whole burnt offerings and sacrifices.” ‡Quoted from 1 Sam 15:22
34 When Yeshua [Salvation] saw that he answered wisely, he said to him, “You are not far from God’s Kingdom.”
No one dared ask him any question after that. 35 Yeshua [Salvation] responded, as he taught in the temple, “How is it that the Torah-Teachers say that the Messiah [Anointed one] is the son of David [Beloved]? 36 For David [Beloved] himself said in Ruach haKodesh [Spirit of the Holiness],
‘Yahweh said to adoni [my Lord],
“Sit at my right hand,
37 Therefore David [Beloved] himself calls him Lord, so how can he be his son?”
The common people heard him gladly. 38 In his teaching he said to them, “Beware of the Torah-Teachers, who like to walk in long robes, and to get greetings in the marketplaces, 39 and the best seats in the synagogues, and the best places at feasts: 40 those who devour widows’ houses, and for a pretense make long prayers. These will receive greater condemnation.”
41 *MP: Messiah has spiritual quickening, meaning discernment, to fear God rather than people, thus making right judgments based on God’s instructions (Lev 19:15). (Consider also Is 42:1, 42:1). (Is 11:3-4)Yeshua [Salvation] sat down opposite the treasury, and saw how the multitude cast brass coins into the treasury. Many who were rich cast in much. 42 A poor widow came, and she cast in two small bronze coins, which equal a quadrans coin (Roman quarter coin about 3/8 of a cent). 43 He called his disciples to himself, and said to them, “Most certainly I tell you, this poor widow gave more than all those who are giving into the treasury, 44 for they all gave out of their abundance, but she, out of her poverty, gave all that she had to live on.”
†12:6 MPr: “Against God, and His Messiah,” (Ps 2:2) is likened to a robber (Satan) who stands defiantly behind the palace of the king, and says, If I shall find the son of the king, I shall lay hold on him, and crucify him, and kill him with a cruel death. But the Holy Spirit mocks at him, “He that sits in the heavens shall laugh” (Ps 2:4, 37:13). (Ps 92:11 Midrash Pirke de-Rabbi Eliezer c.28, Midrash Pirke de-Rabbi Eliezer c. 28, and Yalkut vol. ii. par. 620, p. 90A). (Ps 2:2, 2:4)
‡12:11 Quoted from Ps 118:22-23
§12:19 Quoting from Deut 25:5-6
†12:30 Quoting from Deut 6:4-5
*12:32 Quoted from Deut 4:35, 4:39
‡12:33 Quoted from 1 Sam 15:22
§12:36 Quoted from Ps 110:1 all
*12:41 MP: Messiah has spiritual quickening, meaning discernment, to fear God rather than people, thus making right judgments based on God’s instructions (Lev 19:15). (Consider also Is 42:1, 42:1). (Is 11:3-4)