GALATIANS
1
Introduction
Paul, A2 Cor 1:1an apostle (BGal 1:11fnot sent from men nor through the agency of man, but CActs 9:15; Gal 1:15fthrough Jesus Christ and God the Father, who DActs 2:24raised Him from the dead), and all APhil 4:21the brethren who are with me,
To BActs 16:6; 1 Cor 16:1the churches of Galatia:
ARom 1:7Grace to you and peace from 1Two early mss read God the Father, and our Lord Jesus ChristGod our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ, who AGal 2:20gave Himself for our sins so that He might rescue us from BMatt 13:22; Rom 12:2; 2 Cor 4:4this present evil 1Or worldage, according to the will of CPhil 4:20our God and Father, ARom 11:36to whom be the glory forevermore. Amen.
Perversion of the Gospel
I am amazed that you are so quickly deserting ARom 8:28; Gal 1:15; 5:8Him who called you 1Lit inby the grace of Christ, for a B2 Cor 11:4; Gal 1:7, 11; 2:2, 7; 5:14; 1 Tim 1:3different gospel; which is really not another; only there are some who are AActs 15:24; Gal 5:10disturbing you and want to distort the gospel of Christ. But even if we, or A2 Cor 11:14an angel from heaven, should preach to you a gospel 1Or other than, more thancontrary to what we have preached to you, he is to be 2Gr anathemaBRom 9:3accursed! As we AActs 18:23have said before, so I say again now, BRom 16:17if any man is preaching to you a gospel 1Or other than, more thancontrary to what you received, he is to be 2Gr anathemaCRom 9:3accursed!
10 For am I now A1 Cor 10:33; 1 Thess 2:4seeking the favor of men, or of God? Or am I striving to please men? If I were still trying to please men, I would not be a BRom 1:1; Phil 1:1bond-servant of Christ.
Paul Defends His Ministry
11 For ARom 2:16; 1 Cor 15:1I would have you know, brethren, that the gospel which was preached by me is B1 Cor 3:4; 9:8not according to man. 12 For A1 Cor 11:23; Gal 1:1I neither received it from man, nor was I taught it, but I received it through a B1 Cor 2:10; 2 Cor 12:1; Gal 1:16; 2:2revelation of Jesus Christ.
13 For you have heard of AActs 26:4fmy former manner of life in Judaism, how I BActs 8:3; 22:4, 5used to persecute C1 Cor 10:32the church of God beyond measure and DActs 9:21tried to destroy it; 14 and I AActs 22:3was advancing in Judaism beyond many of my contemporaries among my 1Lit racecountrymen, being more extremely zealous for my BJer 9:14; Matt 15:2; Mark 7:3; Col 2:8ancestral traditions. 15 But when God, who had set me apart even from my mother’s womb and AIs 49:1, 5; Jer 1:5; Acts 9:15; Rom 1:1; Gal 1:6called me through His grace, was pleased 16 to reveal His Son in me so that I might AActs 9:15; Gal 2:9preach Him among the Gentiles, BActs 9:20I did not immediately consult with 1I.e. human beingsCMatt 16:17flesh and blood, 17 AActs 9:19-22nor did I go up to Jerusalem to those who were apostles before me; but I went away to Arabia, and returned once more to BActs 9:2Damascus.
18 Then AActs 9:22fthree years later I went up BActs 9:26to Jerusalem to 1Or visit Cephasbecome acquainted with CJohn 1:42; Gal 2:9, 11, 14Cephas, and stayed with him fifteen days. 19 But I did not see any other of the apostles except 1Or JacobAMatt 12:46; Acts 12:17James, the Lord’s brother. 20 (Now in what I am writing to you, 1Lit behold before GodI assure you ARom 9:1; 2 Cor 1:23; 11:31before God that I am not lying.) 21 Then AActs 9:30I went into the regions of BActs 15:23, 41Syria and CActs 6:9Cilicia. 22 I was still unknown by 1Lit facesight to A1 Cor 7:17; 1 Thess 2:14the churches of Judea which were BRom 16:7in Christ; 23 but only, they kept hearing, “He who once persecuted us is now preaching AActs 6:7; Gal 6:10the faith which he once BActs 9:21tried to destroy.” 24 And they AMatt 9:8were glorifying God 1Lit in mebecause of me.

A1:1 2 Cor 1:1

B1:1 Gal 1:11f

C1:1 Acts 9:15; Gal 1:15f

D1:1 Acts 2:24

A1:2 Phil 4:21

B1:2 Acts 16:6; 1 Cor 16:1

A1:3 Rom 1:7

11:3 Two early mss read God the Father, and our Lord Jesus Christ

A1:4 Gal 2:20

B1:4 Matt 13:22; Rom 12:2; 2 Cor 4:4

11:4 Or world

C1:4 Phil 4:20

A1:5 Rom 11:36

A1:6 Rom 8:28; Gal 1:15; 5:8

11:6 Lit in

B1:6 2 Cor 11:4; Gal 1:7, 11; 2:2, 7; 5:14; 1 Tim 1:3

A1:7 Acts 15:24; Gal 5:10

A1:8 2 Cor 11:14

11:8 Or other than, more than

21:8 Gr anathema

B1:8 Rom 9:3

A1:9 Acts 18:23

B1:9 Rom 16:17

11:9 Or other than, more than

21:9 Gr anathema

C1:9 Rom 9:3

A1:10 1 Cor 10:33; 1 Thess 2:4

B1:10 Rom 1:1; Phil 1:1

A1:11 Rom 2:16; 1 Cor 15:1

B1:11 1 Cor 3:4; 9:8

A1:12 1 Cor 11:23; Gal 1:1

B1:12 1 Cor 2:10; 2 Cor 12:1; Gal 1:16; 2:2

A1:13 Acts 26:4f

B1:13 Acts 8:3; 22:4, 5

C1:13 1 Cor 10:32

D1:13 Acts 9:21

A1:14 Acts 22:3

11:14 Lit race

B1:14 Jer 9:14; Matt 15:2; Mark 7:3; Col 2:8

A1:15 Is 49:1, 5; Jer 1:5; Acts 9:15; Rom 1:1; Gal 1:6

A1:16 Acts 9:15; Gal 2:9

B1:16 Acts 9:20

11:16 I.e. human beings

C1:16 Matt 16:17

A1:17 Acts 9:19-22

B1:17 Acts 9:2

A1:18 Acts 9:22f

B1:18 Acts 9:26

11:18 Or visit Cephas

C1:18 John 1:42; Gal 2:9, 11, 14

11:19 Or Jacob

A1:19 Matt 12:46; Acts 12:17

11:20 Lit behold before God

A1:20 Rom 9:1; 2 Cor 1:23; 11:31

A1:21 Acts 9:30

B1:21 Acts 15:23, 41

C1:21 Acts 6:9

11:22 Lit face

A1:22 1 Cor 7:17; 1 Thess 2:14

B1:22 Rom 16:7

A1:23 Acts 6:7; Gal 6:10

B1:23 Acts 9:21

A1:24 Matt 9:8

11:24 Lit in me