1 Paul, a bond-servant of Christ Jesus, 1Lit a called apostleA1 Cor 1:1; 9:1; 2 Cor 1:1called as an apostle, BActs 9:15; 13:2; Gal 1:15set apart for CMark 1:14; Rom 15:16the gospel of God, 2 which He ATitus 1:2promised beforehand through His BLuke 1:70; Rom 3:21; 16:26prophets in the holy Scriptures, 3 concerning His Son, who was born AMatt 1:1of a 1Lit seeddescendant of David BJohn 1:14; Rom 4:1; 9:3, 5; 1 Cor 10:18according to the flesh, 4 who was declared AMatt 4:3the Son of God with power 1Or as a result ofby the resurrection from the dead, according to the 2Or spiritSpirit of holiness, Jesus Christ our Lord, 5 through whom we have received grace and AActs 1:25; Gal 1:16apostleship 1Lit for obedienceto bring about the BActs 6:7; Rom 16:26obedience of faith among CActs 9:15all the Gentiles for His name’s sake, 6 among whom you also are the AJude 1; Rev 17:14called of Jesus Christ;

7 to all who are ARom 5:5ff; 8:39beloved of God in Rome, called as 1Or holy onesBActs 9:13; Rom 8:28ff; 1 Cor 1:2, 24saints: CNum 6:25f; 1 Cor 1:3; 2 Cor 1:2; Gal 1:3; Eph 1:2; Phil 1:2; Col 1:2; 1 Thess 1:1; 2 Thess 1:2Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.

8 First, A1 Cor 1:4; Eph 1:15f; Phil 1:3f; Col 1:3f; 1 Thess 1:2; 2:13I thank my God through Jesus Christ 1Or concerning you all, that...for you all, because BActs 28:22; Rom 16:19your faith is being proclaimed throughout the whole world. 9 For ARom 9:1God, whom I BActs 24:14; 2 Tim 1:3serve in my spirit in the preaching of the gospel of His Son, is my witness as to how unceasingly CEph 1:16; Phil 1:3fI make mention of you, 10 always in my prayers making request, if perhaps now at last by AActs 18:21; Rom 15:32the will of God I may succeed in coming to you. 11 For AActs 19:21; Rom 15:23I long to see you so that I may impart some spiritual gift to you, that you may be 1Or strengthenedestablished; 12 that is, that I may be encouraged together with you while among you, each of us by the other’s faith, both yours and mine. 13 ARom 11:25; 1 Cor 10:1; 12:1; 2 Cor 1:8; 1 Thess 4:13I do not want you to be unaware, BActs 1:15; Rom 7:1; 1 Cor 1:10; 14:20, 26; Gal 3:15brethren, that often I CActs 19:21; Rom 15:22fhave planned to come to you (and have been prevented so far) so that I may obtain some DJohn 4:36; 15:16; Phil 1:22; Col 1:6fruit among you also, even as among the rest of the Gentiles. 14 A1 Cor 9:16I am 1Lit debtorunder obligation both to Greeks and to BActs 28:2barbarians, both to the wise and to the foolish. 15 So, for my part, I am eager to ARom 15:20preach the gospel to you also who are in Rome.

16 For I am not AMark 8:38; 2 Tim 1:8, 12, 16ashamed of the gospel, for B1 Cor 1:18, 24it is the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes, to the CActs 3:26; Rom 2:9Jew first and also to DJohn 7:35the Greek. 17 For in it ARom 3:21; 9:30; Phil 3:9the righteousness of God is revealed 1Or byfrom faith to faith; as it is written, “2Or But he who is righteous by faith shall liveBHab 2:4; Gal 3:11; Heb 10:38Bᴜᴛ ᴛʜᴇ ʀɪɢʜᴛᴇoᴜs man sʜᴀʟʟ ʟɪvᴇ ʙʏ ꜰᴀɪᴛʜ.”

18 For ARom 5:9; Eph 5:6; Col 3:6the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men who B2 Thess 2:6fsuppress the truth 1Or byin unrighteousness, 19 because AActs 14:17; 17:24ffthat which is known about God is evident 1Or amongwithin them; for God made it evident to them. 20 For AMark 10:6since the creation of the world His invisible attributes, His eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly seen, BJob 12:7-9; Ps 19:1-6; Jer 5:21fbeing understood through what has been made, so that they are without excuse. 21 For even though they knew God, they did not 1Lit glorifyhonor Him as God or give thanks, but they became A2 Kin 17:15; Jer 2:5; Eph 4:17ffutile in their speculations, and their foolish heart was darkened. 22 AJer 10:14; 1 Cor 1:20Professing to be wise, they became fools, 23 and ADeut 4:16-18; Ps 106:20; Jer 2:11; Acts 17:29exchanged the glory of the incorruptible God for an image in the form of corruptible man and of birds and four-footed animals and 1Or reptilescrawling creatures.

24 Therefore ARom 1:26, 28; Eph 4:19God gave them over in the lusts of their hearts to impurity, so that their bodies would be BEph 2:3dishonored among them. 25 For they exchanged the truth of God for 1Lit the liea AIs 44:20; Jer 10:14; 13:25; 16:19lie, and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, BRom 9:5; 2 Cor 11:31who is blessed 2Lit unto the agesforever. Amen.

26 For this reason ARom 1:24God gave them over to B1 Thess 4:5degrading passions; for their women exchanged the natural function for that which is 1Lit against natureunnatural, 27 and in the same way also the men abandoned the natural function of the woman and burned in their desire toward one another, ALev 18:22; 20:13; 1 Cor 6:9men with men committing 1Lit the shameless deedindecent acts and receiving in 2Lit themselvestheir own persons the due penalty of their error.

28 And just as they did not see fit 1Lit to have God in knowledgeto acknowledge God any longer, ARom 1:24God gave them over to a depraved mind, to do those things which are not proper, 29 being filled with all unrighteousness, wickedness, greed, evil; full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, malice; they are A2 Cor 12:20gossips, 30 slanderers, 1Or hateful to GodAPs 5:5haters of God, insolent, arrogant, boastful, inventors of evil, B2 Tim 3:2disobedient to parents, 31 without understanding, untrustworthy, A2 Tim 3:3unloving, unmerciful; 32 and although they know the ordinance of God, that those who practice such things are worthy of ARom 6:21death, they not only do the same, but also BLuke 11:48; Acts 8:1; 22:20give hearty approval to those who practice them.