7
Stephen’s Defense
The high priest said, “Are these things so?”
And he said, “Hear me, AActs 22:1brethren and fathers! BPs 29:3; 1 Cor 2:8The God of glory CGen 11:31; 15:7appeared to our father Abraham when he was in Mesopotamia, before he lived in 1Gr CharranHaran, and said to him, ‘AGen 12:1Lᴇᴀvᴇ ʏoᴜʀ coᴜɴᴛʀʏ ᴀɴᴅ ʏoᴜʀ ʀᴇʟᴀᴛɪvᴇs, ᴀɴᴅ coᴍᴇ ɪɴᴛo ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴀᴛ I wɪʟʟ sʜow ʏoᴜ.’  “AGen 11:31; 15:7Then he left the land of the Chaldeans and settled in 1Gr CharranHaran. BGen 12:4, 5From there, after his father died, God had him move to this country in which you are now living.  “But He gave him no inheritance in it, not even a foot of ground, and yet, even when he had no child, AGen 12:7; 13:15; 15:18; 17:8He promised that Hᴇ woᴜʟᴅ ɢɪvᴇ ɪᴛ ᴛo ʜɪᴍ ᴀs ᴀ ᴘossᴇssɪoɴ, ᴀɴᴅ ᴛo ʜɪs ᴅᴇscᴇɴᴅᴀɴᴛs ᴀꜰᴛᴇʀ ʜɪᴍ.  “But AGen 15:13fGod spoke to this effect, that his ᴅᴇscᴇɴᴅᴀɴᴛs woᴜʟᴅ ʙᴇ ᴀʟɪᴇɴs ɪɴ ᴀ ꜰoʀᴇɪɢɴ ʟᴀɴᴅ, ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇʏ woᴜʟᴅ 1Lit enslave them and mistreat themʙᴇ ᴇɴsʟᴀvᴇᴅ ᴀɴᴅ ᴍɪsᴛʀᴇᴀᴛᴇᴅ ꜰoʀ ꜰoᴜʀ ʜᴜɴᴅʀᴇᴅ ʏᴇᴀʀs.  “ ‘Aɴᴅ wʜᴀᴛᴇvᴇʀ ɴᴀᴛɪoɴ ᴛo wʜɪcʜ ᴛʜᴇʏ wɪʟʟ ʙᴇ ɪɴ ʙoɴᴅᴀɢᴇ I Mʏsᴇʟꜰ wɪʟʟ ᴊᴜᴅɢᴇ,’ said God, ‘ᴀɴᴅ AEx 3:12ᴀꜰᴛᴇʀ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴛʜᴇʏ wɪʟʟ coᴍᴇ oᴜᴛ ᴀɴᴅ 1Or worshipsᴇʀvᴇ Mᴇ ɪɴ ᴛʜɪs ᴘʟᴀcᴇ.’  “And He AGen 17:10ffgave him 1Or athe covenant of circumcision; and so BGen 21:2-4Abraham became the father of Isaac, and circumcised him on the eighth day; and CGen 25:26Isaac became the father of Jacob, and DGen 29:31ff; 30:5ff; 35:23ffJacob of the twelve EActs 2:29patriarchs.
“The patriarchs AGen 37:11, 28; 39:2, 21f; 45:4became jealous of Joseph and sold him into Egypt. Yet God was with him, 10 and rescued him from all his afflictions, and AGen 39:21; 41:40-46; Ps 105:21granted him favor and wisdom in the sight of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and he made him governor over Egypt and all his household.
11 “Now AGen 41:54f; 42:5a famine came over all Egypt and Canaan, and great affliction with it, and our fathers 1Lit were not findingcould find no food. 12  “But AGen 42:2when Jacob heard that there was grain in Egypt, he sent our fathers there the first time. 13  “On the second visit AGen 45:1-4Joseph 1Or was made knownmade himself known to his brothers, and BGen 45:16Joseph’s family was disclosed to Pharaoh. 14  “Then AGen 45:9, 10, 17, 18Joseph sent word and invited Jacob his father and all his relatives to come to him, BGen 46:26f; Ex 1:5; Deut 10:22seventy-five 1Lit soulsCActs 2:41persons in all. 15  “And AGen 46:1-7; 49:33; Ex 1:6Jacob went down to Egypt and there he and our fathers died. 16  “From there they were removed to 1Gr SychemAGen 23:16; 33:19; 50:13; Josh 24:32Shechem and laid in the tomb which Abraham had purchased for a sum of money from the sons of 2Gr EmmorHamor in 1Gr SychemShechem.
17 “But as the AGen 15:13time of the promise was approaching which God had assured to Abraham, BEx 1:7fthe people increased and multiplied in Egypt, 18 until AEx 1:8ᴛʜᴇʀᴇ ᴀʀosᴇ ᴀɴoᴛʜᴇʀ ᴋɪɴɢ ovᴇʀ Eɢʏᴘᴛ wʜo ᴋɴᴇw ɴoᴛʜɪɴɢ ᴀʙoᴜᴛ Josᴇᴘʜ. 19  “It was he who took AEx 1:10f, 16ffshrewd advantage of our race and mistreated our fathers so that they would 1Or put out to dieBEx 1:22expose their infants and they would not survive. 20  “It was at this time that AEx 2:2; Heb 11:23Moses was born; and he was lovely 1Lit to Godin the sight of God, and he was nurtured three months in his father’s home. 21  “And after he had been set outside, AEx 2:5f, 10Pharaoh’s daughter 1Or adopted himtook him away and nurtured him as her own son. 22  “Moses was educated in all A1 Kin 4:30; Is 19:11the learning of the Egyptians, and he was a man of power in words and deeds. 23  “But when he was approaching the age of forty, AEx 2:11f; Heb 11:24-26it entered his 1Lit heartmind to visit his brethren, the sons of Israel. 24  “And when he saw one of them being treated unjustly, he defended him and took vengeance for the oppressed by striking down the Egyptian. 25  “And he supposed that his brethren understood that God was granting them 1Or salvationdeliverance 2Lit through his handthrough him, but they did not understand. 26  “AEx 2:13fOn the following day he appeared to them as they were fighting together, and he tried to reconcile them in peace, saying, ‘Men, you are brethren, why do you injure one another?’ 27  “But the one who was injuring his neighbor pushed him away, saying, ‘AEx 2:14; Acts 7:35Wʜo ᴍᴀᴅᴇ ʏoᴜ ᴀ ʀᴜʟᴇʀ ᴀɴᴅ ᴊᴜᴅɢᴇ ovᴇʀ ᴜs? 28  ‘AEx 2:14Yoᴜ ᴅo ɴoᴛ ᴍᴇᴀɴ ᴛo ᴋɪʟʟ ᴍᴇ ᴀs ʏoᴜ ᴋɪʟʟᴇᴅ ᴛʜᴇ Eɢʏᴘᴛɪᴀɴ ʏᴇsᴛᴇʀᴅᴀʏ, ᴅo ʏoᴜ?’ 29  “At this remark, AEx 2:15, 22Mosᴇs ꜰʟᴇᴅ ᴀɴᴅ ʙᴇcᴀᴍᴇ ᴀɴ ᴀʟɪᴇɴ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴀɴᴅ oꜰ 1Gr MadiamMɪᴅɪᴀɴ, where he BEx 18:3, 4became the father of two sons.
30 “After forty years had passed, AEx 3:1f; Is 63:9ᴀɴ ᴀɴɢᴇʟ ᴀᴘᴘᴇᴀʀᴇᴅ ᴛo ʜɪᴍ ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ wɪʟᴅᴇʀɴᴇss oꜰ Moᴜɴᴛ Sinai, ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ ꜰʟᴀᴍᴇ oꜰ ᴀ ʙᴜʀɴɪɴɢ ᴛʜoʀɴ ʙᴜsʜ. 31  “When Moses saw it, he marveled at the sight; and as he approached to look more closely, there came the voice of the Lord: 32 AEx 3:6; Matt 22:32I ᴀᴍ ᴛʜᴇ Goᴅ oꜰ ʏoᴜʀ ꜰᴀᴛʜᴇʀs, ᴛʜᴇ Goᴅ oꜰ Aʙʀᴀʜᴀᴍ ᴀɴᴅ Isᴀᴀc ᴀɴᴅ Jᴀcoʙ.’ Moses shook with fear and would not venture to look. 33  “AEx 3:5Bᴜᴛ ᴛʜᴇ Loʀᴅ sᴀɪᴅ ᴛo ʜɪᴍ, ‘BJosh 5:15Tᴀᴋᴇ oꜰꜰ ᴛʜᴇ sᴀɴᴅᴀʟs ꜰʀoᴍ ʏoᴜʀ ꜰᴇᴇᴛ, ꜰoʀ ᴛʜᴇ ᴘʟᴀcᴇ oɴ wʜɪcʜ ʏoᴜ ᴀʀᴇ sᴛᴀɴᴅɪɴɢ ɪs ʜoʟʏ ɢʀoᴜɴᴅ. 34  ‘AEx 3:7fI ʜᴀvᴇ cᴇʀᴛᴀɪɴʟʏ sᴇᴇɴ ᴛʜᴇ oᴘᴘʀᴇssɪoɴ oꜰ Mʏ ᴘᴇoᴘʟᴇ ɪɴ Eɢʏᴘᴛ ᴀɴᴅ ʜᴀvᴇ ʜᴇᴀʀᴅ ᴛʜᴇɪʀ ɢʀoᴀɴs, ᴀɴᴅ I ʜᴀvᴇ coᴍᴇ ᴅowɴ ᴛo ʀᴇscᴜᴇ ᴛʜᴇᴍ; 1Lit and now come!BEx 3:10coᴍᴇ ɴow, ᴀɴᴅ I wɪʟʟ sᴇɴᴅ ʏoᴜ ᴛo Eɢʏᴘᴛ.’
35 “This Moses whom they AEx 2:14; Acts 7:27disowned, saying, ‘Wʜo ᴍᴀᴅᴇ ʏoᴜ ᴀ ʀᴜʟᴇʀ ᴀɴᴅ ᴀ ᴊᴜᴅɢᴇ?’ is the one whom God 1Lit has sentsent to be both a ruler and a deliverer with the 2Lit handhelp of the angel who appeared to him in the thorn bush. 36  “AEx 12:41; 33:1; Heb 8:9This man led them out, performing BEx 7:3; 14:21; John 4:48wonders and 1Or attesting miraclessigns in the land of Egypt and in the Red Sea and in the CEx 16:35; Num 14:33; Ps 95:8-10; Acts 7:42; 13:18; Heb 3:8fwilderness for forty years. 37  “This is the Moses who said to the sons of Israel, ‘ADeut 18:15, 18; Acts 3:22Goᴅ wɪʟʟ ʀᴀɪsᴇ ᴜᴘ ꜰoʀ ʏoᴜ ᴀ ᴘʀoᴘʜᴇᴛ 1Or as He raised up meʟɪᴋᴇ ᴍᴇ ꜰʀoᴍ ʏoᴜʀ ʙʀᴇᴛʜʀᴇɴ.’ 38  “This is the one who was in AEx 19:17the 1Gr ekklesiacongregation in the wilderness together with BActs 7:53the angel who was speaking to him on Mount Sinai, and who was with our fathers; and he received CDeut 32:47; Heb 4:12living DRom 3:2; Heb 5:12; 1 Pet 4:11oracles to pass on to you. 39  “Our fathers were unwilling to be obedient to him, but ANum 14:3frepudiated him and in their hearts turned back to Egypt, 40 AEx 32:1, 23sᴀʏɪɴɢ ᴛo Aᴀʀoɴ, ‘Mᴀᴋᴇ ꜰoʀ ᴜs ɢoᴅs wʜo wɪʟʟ ɢo ʙᴇꜰoʀᴇ ᴜs; ꜰoʀ ᴛʜɪs Mosᴇs wʜo ʟᴇᴅ ᴜs oᴜᴛ oꜰ ᴛʜᴇ ʟᴀɴᴅ oꜰ Eɢʏᴘᴛ—wᴇ ᴅo ɴoᴛ ᴋɴow wʜᴀᴛ ʜᴀᴘᴘᴇɴᴇᴅ ᴛo ʜɪᴍ.’ 41  “1Lit in those daysAt that time AEx 32:4, 6they made a 2Or young bullcalf and brought a sacrifice to the idol, and were rejoicing in BRev 9:20the works of their hands. 42  “But God AJosh 24:20; Is 63:10; Jer 19:13; Ezek 20:39turned away and delivered them up to 1Or worshipserve the 2I.e. heavenly bodieshost of heaven; as it is written in the book of the prophets, ‘BAmos 5:25Iᴛ wᴀs ɴoᴛ ᴛo Mᴇ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ʏoᴜ oꜰꜰᴇʀᴇᴅ vɪcᴛɪᴍs ᴀɴᴅ sᴀcʀɪꜰɪcᴇs CActs 7:36ꜰoʀᴛʏ ʏᴇᴀʀs ɪɴ ᴛʜᴇ wɪʟᴅᴇʀɴᴇss, wᴀs ɪᴛ, O ʜoᴜsᴇ oꜰ Isʀᴀᴇʟ? 43  ‘AAmos 5:26, 27Yoᴜ ᴀʟso ᴛooᴋ ᴀʟoɴɢ ᴛʜᴇ ᴛᴀʙᴇʀɴᴀcʟᴇ oꜰ Moʟocʜ ᴀɴᴅ ᴛʜᴇ sᴛᴀʀ oꜰ ᴛʜᴇ ɢoᴅ 1Other mss spell it: Romphan, or Rempham, or Raiphan, or RephanRoᴍᴘʜᴀ, ᴛʜᴇ ɪᴍᴀɢᴇs wʜɪcʜ ʏoᴜ ᴍᴀᴅᴇ ᴛo woʀsʜɪᴘ. I ᴀʟso wɪʟʟ ʀᴇᴍovᴇ ʏoᴜ ʙᴇʏoɴᴅ Bᴀʙʏʟoɴ.’
44 “Our fathers had AEx 25:8, 9; 38:21the tabernacle of testimony in the wilderness, just as He who spoke to Moses directed him to make it BEx 25:40according to the pattern which he had seen. 45  “And having received it in their turn, our fathers ADeut 32:49; Josh 3:14ff; 18:1; 23:9; 24:18; Ps 44:2fbrought it in with 1Gr JesusJoshua upon dispossessing the 2Or Gentilesnations whom God drove out before our fathers, until the time of David. 46  “A2 Sam 7:8ff; Ps 132:1-5; Acts 13:22David found favor in God’s sight, and B2 Sam 7:1-16; 1 Chr 17:1-14asked that he might find a dwelling place for the 1The earliest mss read house instead of God; the Septuagint reads GodGod of Jacob. 47  “But it was A1 Kin 6:1-38; 8:20; 2 Chr 3:1-17Solomon who built a house for Him. 48  “However, ALuke 1:32the Most High does not dwell in houses made by human hands; as the prophet says:
49 AIs 66:1; Matt 5:34fHᴇᴀvᴇɴ ɪs Mʏ ᴛʜʀoɴᴇ,
Aɴᴅ ᴇᴀʀᴛʜ ɪs ᴛʜᴇ ꜰooᴛsᴛooʟ oꜰ Mʏ ꜰᴇᴇᴛ;
Wʜᴀᴛ ᴋɪɴᴅ oꜰ ʜoᴜsᴇ wɪʟʟ ʏoᴜ ʙᴜɪʟᴅ ꜰoʀ Mᴇ?’ says the Lord,
‘Oʀ wʜᴀᴛ ᴘʟᴀcᴇ ɪs ᴛʜᴇʀᴇ ꜰoʀ Mʏ ʀᴇᴘosᴇ?
50 AIs 66:2Wᴀs ɪᴛ ɴoᴛ Mʏ ʜᴀɴᴅ wʜɪcʜ ᴍᴀᴅᴇ ᴀʟʟ ᴛʜᴇsᴇ ᴛʜɪɴɢs?’
51 “You men who are AEx 32:9; 33:3, 5; Lev 26:41; Num 27:14; Is 63:10; Jer 6:10; 9:26stiff-necked and uncircumcised in heart and ears are always resisting the Holy Spirit; you are doing just as your fathers did. 52  “A2 Chr 36:15f; Matt 5:12; 23:31, 37Which one of the prophets did your fathers not persecute? They killed those who had previously announced the coming of BActs 3:14; 22:14; 1 John 2:1the Righteous One, whose betrayers and murderers CActs 3:14; 5:28you have now become; 53 you who received the law as ADeut 33:2; Acts 7:38; Gal 3:19; Heb 2:2ordained by angels, and yet did not keep it.”
Stephen Put to Death
54 Now when they heard this, they were AActs 5:33cut to the quick, and they began gnashing their teeth at him. 55 But being AActs 2:4full of the Holy Spirit, he BJohn 11:41gazed intently into heaven and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing CMark 16:19at the right hand of God; 56 and he said, “Behold, I see the AJohn 1:51heavens opened up and BMatt 8:20the Son of Man standing at the right hand of God.” 57 But they cried out with a loud voice, and covered their ears and rushed at him with one impulse. 58 When they had ALev 24:14, 16; Luke 4:29driven him out of the city, they began stoning him; and BDeut 13:9f; 17:7; Acts 6:13the witnesses CActs 22:20laid aside their robes at the feet of DActs 8:1; 22:20; 26:10a young man named Saul. 59 They went on stoning Stephen as he AActs 9:14, 21; 22:16; Rom 10:12-14; 1 Cor 1:2; 2 Tim 2:22called on the Lord and said, “Lord Jesus, receive my spirit!” 60 Then ALuke 22:41falling on his knees, he cried out with a loud voice, “Lord, BMatt 5:44; Luke 23:34do not hold this sin against them!” Having said this, he 1I.e. diedCDan 12:2; Matt 27:52; John 11:11f; Acts 13:36; 1 Cor 15:6, 18, 20; 1 Thess 4:13ff; 2 Pet 3:4fell asleep.

A7:2 Acts 22:1

B7:2 Ps 29:3; 1 Cor 2:8

C7:2 Gen 11:31; 15:7

17:2 Gr Charran

A7:3 Gen 12:1

A7:4 Gen 11:31; 15:7

17:4 Gr Charran

B7:4 Gen 12:4, 5

A7:5 Gen 12:7; 13:15; 15:18; 17:8

A7:6 Gen 15:13f

17:6 Lit enslave them and mistreat them

A7:7 Ex 3:12

17:7 Or worship

A7:8 Gen 17:10ff

17:8 Or a

B7:8 Gen 21:2-4

C7:8 Gen 25:26

D7:8 Gen 29:31ff; 30:5ff; 35:23ff

E7:8 Acts 2:29

A7:9 Gen 37:11, 28; 39:2, 21f; 45:4

A7:10 Gen 39:21; 41:40-46; Ps 105:21

A7:11 Gen 41:54f; 42:5

17:11 Lit were not finding

A7:12 Gen 42:2

A7:13 Gen 45:1-4

17:13 Or was made known

B7:13 Gen 45:16

A7:14 Gen 45:9, 10, 17, 18

B7:14 Gen 46:26f; Ex 1:5; Deut 10:22

17:14 Lit souls

C7:14 Acts 2:41

A7:15 Gen 46:1-7; 49:33; Ex 1:6

17:16 Gr Sychem

A7:16 Gen 23:16; 33:19; 50:13; Josh 24:32

27:16 Gr Emmor

17:16 Gr Sychem

A7:17 Gen 15:13

B7:17 Ex 1:7f

A7:18 Ex 1:8

A7:19 Ex 1:10f, 16ff

17:19 Or put out to die

B7:19 Ex 1:22

A7:20 Ex 2:2; Heb 11:23

17:20 Lit to God

A7:21 Ex 2:5f, 10

17:21 Or adopted him

A7:22 1 Kin 4:30; Is 19:11

A7:23 Ex 2:11f; Heb 11:24-26

17:23 Lit heart

17:25 Or salvation

27:25 Lit through his hand

A7:26 Ex 2:13f

A7:27 Ex 2:14; Acts 7:35

A7:28 Ex 2:14

A7:29 Ex 2:15, 22

17:29 Gr Madiam

B7:29 Ex 18:3, 4

A7:30 Ex 3:1f; Is 63:9

A7:32 Ex 3:6; Matt 22:32

A7:33 Ex 3:5

B7:33 Josh 5:15

A7:34 Ex 3:7f

17:34 Lit and now come!

B7:34 Ex 3:10

A7:35 Ex 2:14; Acts 7:27

17:35 Lit has sent

27:35 Lit hand

A7:36 Ex 12:41; 33:1; Heb 8:9

B7:36 Ex 7:3; 14:21; John 4:48

17:36 Or attesting miracles

C7:36 Ex 16:35; Num 14:33; Ps 95:8-10; Acts 7:42; 13:18; Heb 3:8f

A7:37 Deut 18:15, 18; Acts 3:22

17:37 Or as He raised up me

A7:38 Ex 19:17

17:38 Gr ekklesia

B7:38 Acts 7:53

C7:38 Deut 32:47; Heb 4:12

D7:38 Rom 3:2; Heb 5:12; 1 Pet 4:11

A7:39 Num 14:3f

A7:40 Ex 32:1, 23

17:41 Lit in those days

A7:41 Ex 32:4, 6

27:41 Or young bull

B7:41 Rev 9:20

A7:42 Josh 24:20; Is 63:10; Jer 19:13; Ezek 20:39

17:42 Or worship

27:42 I.e. heavenly bodies

B7:42 Amos 5:25

C7:42 Acts 7:36

A7:43 Amos 5:26, 27

17:43 Other mss spell it: Romphan, or Rempham, or Raiphan, or Rephan

A7:44 Ex 25:8, 9; 38:21

B7:44 Ex 25:40

A7:45 Deut 32:49; Josh 3:14ff; 18:1; 23:9; 24:18; Ps 44:2f

17:45 Gr Jesus

27:45 Or Gentiles

A7:46 2 Sam 7:8ff; Ps 132:1-5; Acts 13:22

B7:46 2 Sam 7:1-16; 1 Chr 17:1-14

17:46 The earliest mss read house instead of God; the Septuagint reads God

A7:47 1 Kin 6:1-38; 8:20; 2 Chr 3:1-17

A7:48 Luke 1:32

A7:49 Is 66:1; Matt 5:34f

A7:50 Is 66:2

A7:51 Ex 32:9; 33:3, 5; Lev 26:41; Num 27:14; Is 63:10; Jer 6:10; 9:26

A7:52 2 Chr 36:15f; Matt 5:12; 23:31, 37

B7:52 Acts 3:14; 22:14; 1 John 2:1

C7:52 Acts 3:14; 5:28

A7:53 Deut 33:2; Acts 7:38; Gal 3:19; Heb 2:2

A7:54 Acts 5:33

A7:55 Acts 2:4

B7:55 John 11:41

C7:55 Mark 16:19

A7:56 John 1:51

B7:56 Matt 8:20

A7:58 Lev 24:14, 16; Luke 4:29

B7:58 Deut 13:9f; 17:7; Acts 6:13

C7:58 Acts 22:20

D7:58 Acts 8:1; 22:20; 26:10

A7:59 Acts 9:14, 21; 22:16; Rom 10:12-14; 1 Cor 1:2; 2 Tim 2:22

A7:60 Luke 22:41

B7:60 Matt 5:44; Luke 23:34

17:60 I.e. died

C7:60 Dan 12:2; Matt 27:52; John 11:11f; Acts 13:36; 1 Cor 15:6, 18, 20; 1 Thess 4:13ff; 2 Pet 3:4